Human papillomavirus (HPV) is not only a female disease. Men also have to face the complications that this infection causes. Relatively recently, it has been found that some cancers in men are associated with the presence of human papillomavirus in their blood.
Human papillomavirus and oncology
In most cases, when it comes to papillomavirus, we are talking about cervical cancer. In the case of male patients, it is common to talk about a high risk of developing cancers such as rectal, oropharyngeal or penile cancer.
Today, prevention and treatment of HPV in men is even more relevant not only from the point of view of possible transmission of the virus to women, but also as a risk factor for the emergence and development of malignant tumors.
Symptoms of human papillomavirus in men
Infection occurs when the papillomavirus enters the body. It penetrates through the slightest damage to the skin, inflamed mucous membranes. The male body, due to its structure, is less susceptible to this infection than the female. Interestingly, from animals to humans and vice versa, the disease is not transmitted. Forming on the neck, shoulders, arms, foci of pathology can greatly expand, merging together. In some cases, the appearance of the disease is localized on the folds of the joints or soles, causing severe discomfort. The virus can affect the genitals of men, violating their intimate life. Symptoms of human papillomavirus are:
- warts – can form in any place;
- papillomas – often observed in elderly people;
- condylomas – affect the male penis;
- unpleasant sensations during urination when localized in the area of the genitourinary system.
The danger of infection lies in the risk of outgrowth of foci in cancerous formations. This is possible with repeated infection, if the initial treatment was carried out incorrectly. Therefore, having found signs of human papillomavirus, it is necessary to necessarily consult a doctor. The specialist will help to exclude the risk of dangerous pathologies and the formation of cancerous foci.
Causes
The human papillomavirus is so microscopic in size that it can penetrate the smallest skin lesions. At the same time, more than 50% of people are carriers of this microorganism, but do not experience its effects. Treatment of human papillomavirus in men, as a rule, becomes necessary only when the immunity is reduced for some reason. There are several ways in which the infection can be transmitted:
- during sexual intercourse;
- from mother to child;
- in the home.
This virus can remain dormant for a long time in a humid environment. Therefore, it is quite likely to be infected in public baths, saunas, through personal belongings. Interestingly, in intimate life, a condom does not give full protection, although the risk of disease is significantly reduced. This is due to the small size of the virus, thanks to which it can penetrate through latex. At the same time, the condom is a good barrier for large-sized infectious agents.
Consequences of human papillomavirus in men
Although the human papillomavirus can be asymptomatic or with minimal manifestations, its consequences can be serious. In the absence of timely treatment, the virus can lead to the development of many diseases, including cancer. It is important to note that HPV-related cancers often take years to develop, and therefore timely detection is key to successful treatment.
HPV can trigger several types of cancer in men, including:
- Penile cancer: HPV, especially highly oncogenic strains, may be linked to the development of penile cancer, especially in the presence of chronic inflammation or tissue damage.
- Oropharyngeal and throat cancer: human papillomavirus can also cause cancers of the oropharynx and throat, due to the spread of the virus to the mucosa of the throat and tonsils.
- Rectal cancer: Papillomavirus can cause rectal cancer, especially in people who have sex with many partners or who are immunocompromised.
Immune-related problems
As mentioned, the human papillomavirus is active if a man’s immune system is weakened. This can happen for a variety of reasons:
- Chronic diseases: For example, diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease, cardiovascular pathology.
- Endocrine system disorders: Problems with hormonal balance can reduce the body’s resistance.
- Improper diet and vitamin deficiency: Lack of vitamins such as vitamin C, E, and trace elements can weaken immunity.
- Stress and emotional disorders: Frequent stress and anxiety can weaken the body’s defenses.
- Alcohol and drugs: Alcohol and drug abuse weakens the immune system, increasing the risk of contracting the human papillomavirus.
If a man experiences repeated illnesses and infections, this signals the need for a more thorough evaluation, including testing for HPV and other infections.
Methods of treatment of human papillomavirus in men
To date, there are no drugs and methods that can cure this disease. With a strong innate immunity of the patient, the infection eventually passes on its own, so no special medication is required.
Complex therapy is necessary for those manifestations of human papillomavirus in men that are formed under the influence of the virus in the body: lesions of the skin, mucous membranes. As a rule, surgical methods are selected for this purpose. Removal of papillomas may be required repeatedly, as they tend to reappear.
HPV prevention tips for men
- Regular medical check-ups: It is important to get regular check-ups and see your doctor if you suspect HPV.
- Vaccination: Get vaccinated as a teenager or as recommended by your doctor.
- Condom use: Although condoms do not provide 100% protection against human papillomavirus, they greatly reduce the risk of infection.
- Healthy lifestyle: Eating a healthy diet, avoiding unhealthy habits and regular exercise will support the immune system and reduce the risk of infection.
- Avoid casual sex: To prevent HPV, avoid unprotected sex and limit the number of sexual partners.
Conclusion
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread infection that affects not only women but also men, often with serious consequences. While the virus may remain asymptomatic for a long time, it can lead to the development of genital warts and, in severe cases, certain types of cancer, including penile, rectal, and oropharyngeal cancer. Early diagnosis, regular medical check-ups, and maintaining a strong immune system are essential for minimizing risks. Vaccination remains one of the most effective methods of prevention, especially when administered before exposure to the virus. By practicing safe sex, leading a healthy lifestyle, and staying informed, men can protect themselves and their partners from the dangers of HPV.
